Bannu University Research Journal in Islamic Studies

ریاست مدینہ میں معاشی قوانین

Anamata Shahid — 2025-11-13

The state of Medina was established in the name of Islam. All Islamic laws were prevalent in it. The economic system of the State of Medina was founded on justice, transparency, and strong moral values. Economic laws in this model prohibited unethical and exploitative practices such as interest (usury), hoarding, deceit, fraud, and manipulative bargaining. Trade was encouraged but regulated through principles of fairness and mutual consent in accordance with Islamic teachings. Additionally, moral prohibitions such as false oaths, adulteration, short-measuring, and breaking promises were strictly forbidden to preserve trust and honesty in economic dealings. This framework established a balanced and ethical economy, serving as a timeless example for contemporary societies seeking justice-driven economic reform.

سعودی عرب میں خواتین سے متعلق قانون سازی کا تاریخی جائزہ

Asma Aziz — 2025-11-13

The legal status of women in Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes across different historical phases. Rooted in Islamic law and tribal traditions, early legislation offered women very limited access to education, employment, and public life. The discovery of oil and the establishment of modern institutions gradually opened new opportunities, most notably the introduction of girls’ education in the 1960s. The conservative wave of the late 1970s, however, reinforced strict guardianship laws and restrictions on mobility, limiting women’s legal rights for several decades. By the 1990s, international pressures and domestic debates encouraged modest reforms, particularly in higher education and selective employment sectors. A major shift occurred in the twenty-first century with reformist policies under King Abdullah and later the Vision 2030 agenda of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Landmark legal changes—such as granting the right to vote, lifting the driving ban, easing guardianship restrictions, and expanding professional participation—marked a transformation in women’s role within Saudi society. This article reviews these developments chronologically, showing how women’s legislation in Saudi Arabia reflects an ongoing negotiation between tradition and modernity. It concludes that while legal reforms have expanded women’s rights, cultural attitudes and conservative interpretations remain significant challenges.

التناص الديني في خطب الزبيريين في العصر الأموي

amani rabee — 2025-11-14

This study explores religious intertextuality in the sermons of the Zubayrids during the Umayyad era, focusing on how sacred texts were employed to reinforce political and ideological discourse. It highlights the transformation of Arabic oratory from its religious beginnings in early Islam to a politically driven art form that played a vital role in legitimizing authority and shaping public opinion. Through an analytical approach, the research demonstrates that Zubayrid preachers used intertextual references from the Qur’an and Prophetic Hadith both directly and indirectly to strengthen their arguments, evoke emotional resonance, and establish moral credibility. This deliberate use of sacred language elevated their sermons beyond mere political rhetoric, granting them spiritual and persuasive depth. The findings show that the Umayyad period was a time of rhetorical sophistication and artistic innovation in Arabic prose, where religion, politics, and eloquence converged. Ultimately, this study contributes to understanding how religious discourse functioned as a tool of persuasion in the political and cultural landscape of early Islam.

الجهل والخطأ عند الأصوليين وأثرهما على الأحكام الفقهية

Sajid Mehmood — 2025-12-02

This paper evaluates Yoruba Muslims’ engagements with the Qur’an and how those engagements, shaped by history, culture, and local religious practices, have engendered layers of textual abuse. While the Qur’an occupies a position of absolute sanctity in Islamic thought, its place within Yoruba Muslim life has been complicated by remnants of African Traditional Religion (ATR), syncretic customs, spiritual consultancy (jalabi), and evolving Sufi and Salafi interpretations. Using historical narratives, ethnographic observations, and examples drawn from contemporary religious life, the study identifies recurring abuses, ranging from altered Qur’anic writing formulas (hantu, khatimi, opa) to distorted recitations, mystical reapplications, commodification of devotional acts, misinterpretations by Sufi esoterics and Salafi literalists, and the appropriation of Qur’anic verses in popular music and Asalatu culture. These practices collectively weaken textual integrity, dilute theological meaning, and normalize an instrumentalized Qur’anic spirituality. The paper argues that the challenge is systemic, rooted in inadequate Qur’anic literacy, cultural overhangs, and the unchecked influence of clerics who commercialize sacred texts. It concludes by calling for a disciplined, knowledge-driven engagement with the Qur’an, one that restores its sanctity, curbs exploitative practices, and repositions the text as a guide for ethical, spiritual, and intellectual renewal among Yoruba Muslims.

The Science of Hidden Hadith Defects: An Analytical Study of its Pillars, Methodology and Importance

Dr Noor Ur Rahman Hazarvi — 2025-08-31

The science of hidden defects in Hadith (ʿIlal al‑Hadith) is among the most precise and delicate sciences of the Prophetic tradition. It investigates subtle causes that undermine the authenticity of a narration despite its outward soundness. This study aims to clarify the importance of the science of ʿilal, explain the four pillars upon which it is based, present the scientific methodology for studying defective reports, and explain the categories of defects and the ways scholars detect them. The study also provides practical examples from books on defects and introduces the most significant works and scholars in this field. The findings show that knowledge of defects is attainable only by master memorizers who collect the various chains and compare them, and that mastering this science is essential to preserve the Sunnah and purify its traditions. Since the absence of a defect is the fifth and final condition of a sahih (authentic) hadith, the study stresses that judging a narration as authentic is not achieved merely through connected chains, upright and precise narrators and freedom from contradiction (shudhudh); rather, the researcher must also ascertain that it is free from any hidden flaw. This last condition is the most difficult, because the defect is not apparent and is known only to expert critics.

Breaking the Silence on the Rampant of Zina and Rape Cases in Muslim Countries; an Islamic Legal Approach

USMAN MUHAMMAD MAUNDE — 2025-11-18

This study focuses a crime liable to Ḥadd in Islamic criminal law is Zina (adultery and fornication), is also one of it, Zina which means willful sexual intercourse between a man and a woman who are not, and do not suspect to be, validly married to each other. Jurists usually define it as sexual intercourse between a man and a woman who are not, and do not suspect to be, in a state of legal matrimony, Rape is an abhorrent crime and an abominable sin. This heinous crime is forbidden not only in Islam but in all religions, and all people of sound thinking and pure human nature reject it. Rape is completely forbidden in Islamic law and is a crime punishable by Islam. The main objective of the paper is to disclose the terrible dangers and effects of zina and rape which can course many more calamities and conflicts in our societies today, Despite the fact that in contemporary days many Islamic laws are not been practice and also change, among them equating the cases of zina and rape which is so rampant. It may be added here that for an act of zina and rape to be considered as punishable, it is not enough that somebody to accused somebody else of immortality of committing zina or rape without proof, but there are other conditions also which have to be fulfilled in respect of the issues associated to even though shari’ah has prescribed some setting punishments as Ḥadd but to proof it matters a lot in Islamic Law, some sees it as calamity in the society and also it lead to conflicts, The methodological approach used in this paper is descriptive, prescriptive and annalistic; meanwhile the method of data collection is empirical which leads to the result of the findings.

TEXTUAL SANCTITY AND ENGAGEMENTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF YORUBA MUSLIMS AND ABUSE OF THE QUR’AN

Ambali Tajudeen Imam — 2025-12-03

This paper evaluates Yoruba Muslims’ engagements with the Qur’an and how those engagements, shaped by history, culture, and local religious practices, have engendered layers of textual abuse. While the Qur’an occupies a position of absolute sanctity in Islamic thought, its place within Yoruba Muslim life has been complicated by remnants of African Traditional Religion (ATR), syncretic customs, spiritual consultancy (Jalabi), and evolving Sufi and Salafi interpretations. Using historical narratives, ethnographic observations, and examples drawn from contemporary religious life, the study identifies recurring abuses, ranging from altered Qur’anic writing formulas (Hantu, Khatimi, Opa) to distorted recitations, mystical reapplications, commodification of devotional acts, misinterpretations by Sufi esoteric and Salafi literalists, and the appropriation of Qur’anic verses in popular music and Asalatu culture. These practices collectively weaken textual integrity, dilute theological meaning, and normalize an instrumentalized Qur’anic spirituality. The paper argues that the challenge is systemic, rooted in inadequate Qur’anic literacy, cultural overhangs, and the unchecked influence of clerics who commercialize sacred texts. It concludes by calling for a disciplined, knowledge-driven engagement with the Qur’an, one that restores its sanctity, curbs exploitative practices, and repositions the text as a guide for ethical, spiritual, and intellectual renewal among Yoruba Muslims.

The Freedom of Women in the Era of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم))

Dr Mehmood ul Hassan Channar — 2025-12-31

Allah Almighty honored women, yet ignorance and unjust customs reduced them to objects of amusement and subjected them to severe oppression throughout history. In every era, women endured hardship, cruelty, and social marginalization. With the advent of Islam, however, a transformative change occurred. The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), as the benefactor of humanity, rescued women from oppression, immorality, and disgrace, restoring their dignity and rightful status. He ensured their protection, clearly defined their rights, and recognized their essential roles as mothers, daughters, sisters, and wives. Islam elevated women to a position of honor and respect, making them the foundation and light of the household, while outlining balanced responsibilities for both men and women. The article “The Freedom of Women in the Era of the Prophet (S.A.W)” offers a comprehensive study of Quranic teachings and Prophetic traditions, highlighting the multidimensional role of women in the Prophetic era. It demonstrates that Islam granted women honor, justice, and full protection of their rights at every level of life.