Khalid Shah, Dr. Ibzahir Khan. This Article Investigates the Notion of ta’z┘r (discretionary Punishments in Islamic Law) by Comparing and Contrasting It With the Concept of Hadd (fixed Punishments in Islamic law). Deterrence of Crimes Is the Main Objective: میڈیکل ٹیسٹ سے گواہی کی شرعی حیثیت: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ. Burjis 2019, 6.